Jul 10, 2018

Why do people with dementia get pneumonia?

It is extremely worrying when someone with dementia develops pneumonia.

Pneumonia is more common among elderly people and affects those with weakened immune systems, such as those who are living with dementia.

A study of people living with dementia showed that as many as 40 per cent developed pneumonia over the 18-month study period.

The two types of pneumonia: viral and bacterial

There are two different types of pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is more common during the colder months, and can be caused by the same viruses that cause colds and flu.

Bacterial pneumonia is the more common, and serious, type of pneumonia – though it can usually be treated with antibiotics.

People living in nursing homes are at greater risk of contracting bacterial pneumonia. Worryingly, ‘hospital acquired’ pneumonia is more likely to be resistant to antibiotic treatment.

Risk factors that can cause those with dementia to develop pneumonia

Spending too much time lying in bed can make you more likely to develop pneumonia because it’s more difficult to cough and clear your lungs when you are lying down.

A type of pneumonia known as aspiration pneumonia is caused when food or liquid is inhaled and goes down the windpipe rather than the food pipe.

People with dementia often experience dysphagia – or problems with swallowing, and this can make it more likely they will breathe in food and drink and contract pneumonia.

Sadly, aspiration pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death amongst people living with dementia.

Symptoms of pneumonia: what to look out for

  • Chest pains that worsen when you take a deep breath or cough
  • A cough that produces thick yellow, green, or brownish phlegm
  • A cough that is worse at night
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fever
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Sweating, shivering
  • A general feeling of poor health, and fatigue
  • Loss of appetite

When diagnosing pneumonia, doctors will listen for crackling, rattling or rumbling sounds in the chest. X-rays, blood tests and sputum tests can identify the bacteria or virus causing the infection. With the correct treatment, pneumonia lasts for around a week.

How to prevent pneumonia

  • Flu vaccinations – there is a vaccine to protect against one of the most common forms of bacterial pneumonia, streptococcus pneumonia.
  • Good hygiene – wash your hands regularly and throw away used tissues immediately.
  • Keep moving and remain up and about where possible – this makes it easier for your lungs to expand and clear.
  • Limit alcohol – alcohol consumption increases the risk of contracting pneumonia, particularly for people with dementia who may have swallowing difficulties.
  • Quit smoking – smoking damages the lungs and therefore makes developing pneumonia more likely. Smoking decreases also decreases your body’s ability to fight pneumonia.
  • Eat a healthy diet – a study of more than 1000 women showed that those who ate diets rich in fruit and veg were less likely to develop upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
  • Get enough sleep to keep your body strong.
  • Stay away from people who are ill, particularly those with respiratory infections.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

  1. Good article, but replace Living with Dementia to Dying of Dementia. No one should have to get to that point. Allow us to add a page to our Advanced Health Directive on Dementia while we still have capacity. Reach 4 out of 7 stages, get signed off by two Geriatricians and allow VAD to die with some dignity.

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

Nurses and Workplace Violence: Aged Care Staffing Crisis

Violence is unacceptable in any workplace. No one should have to feel unsafe going to work. And yet there are more than 1000 nurses across Australia who have experienced violence during their shifts in over a three-month period. A recent survey found that Queensland nurses in aged care facilities are exposed to more violence than... Read More

“19 of the 44 standards are irrelevant”: An aged care owner’s perspective

A couple of weeks ago, we published an article titled ‘Is Six Minutes Long Enough for Aged Care Staff to get Residents Ready Each Morning?’ The article reached nearly 20,000 of our Facebook followers, and attracted nearly 200 comments and shares. One reader, Anton Hutchinson, whose family has proudly owned Canberra Aged Care Facility for over 30... Read More

How to Test for Dementia

Dementia is a term used to describe a variety of symptoms that accompany a decline in a person’s mental capabilities. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease, which accounts for up to 80 percent of cases. Dementia can be the result of a stroke, a vitamin deficiency, or health difficulties such as thyroid... Read More
Advertisement