Jul 10, 2018

Why do people with dementia get pneumonia?

It is extremely worrying when someone with dementia develops pneumonia.

Pneumonia is more common among elderly people and affects those with weakened immune systems, such as those who are living with dementia.

A study of people living with dementia showed that as many as 40 per cent developed pneumonia over the 18-month study period.

The two types of pneumonia: viral and bacterial

There are two different types of pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is more common during the colder months, and can be caused by the same viruses that cause colds and flu.

Bacterial pneumonia is the more common, and serious, type of pneumonia – though it can usually be treated with antibiotics.

People living in nursing homes are at greater risk of contracting bacterial pneumonia. Worryingly, ‘hospital acquired’ pneumonia is more likely to be resistant to antibiotic treatment.

Risk factors that can cause those with dementia to develop pneumonia

Spending too much time lying in bed can make you more likely to develop pneumonia because it’s more difficult to cough and clear your lungs when you are lying down.

A type of pneumonia known as aspiration pneumonia is caused when food or liquid is inhaled and goes down the windpipe rather than the food pipe.

People with dementia often experience dysphagia – or problems with swallowing, and this can make it more likely they will breathe in food and drink and contract pneumonia.

Sadly, aspiration pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death amongst people living with dementia.

Symptoms of pneumonia: what to look out for

  • Chest pains that worsen when you take a deep breath or cough
  • A cough that produces thick yellow, green, or brownish phlegm
  • A cough that is worse at night
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fever
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Sweating, shivering
  • A general feeling of poor health, and fatigue
  • Loss of appetite

When diagnosing pneumonia, doctors will listen for crackling, rattling or rumbling sounds in the chest. X-rays, blood tests and sputum tests can identify the bacteria or virus causing the infection. With the correct treatment, pneumonia lasts for around a week.

How to prevent pneumonia

  • Flu vaccinations – there is a vaccine to protect against one of the most common forms of bacterial pneumonia, streptococcus pneumonia.
  • Good hygiene – wash your hands regularly and throw away used tissues immediately.
  • Keep moving and remain up and about where possible – this makes it easier for your lungs to expand and clear.
  • Limit alcohol – alcohol consumption increases the risk of contracting pneumonia, particularly for people with dementia who may have swallowing difficulties.
  • Quit smoking – smoking damages the lungs and therefore makes developing pneumonia more likely. Smoking decreases also decreases your body’s ability to fight pneumonia.
  • Eat a healthy diet – a study of more than 1000 women showed that those who ate diets rich in fruit and veg were less likely to develop upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
  • Get enough sleep to keep your body strong.
  • Stay away from people who are ill, particularly those with respiratory infections.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

  1. Good article, but replace Living with Dementia to Dying of Dementia. No one should have to get to that point. Allow us to add a page to our Advanced Health Directive on Dementia while we still have capacity. Reach 4 out of 7 stages, get signed off by two Geriatricians and allow VAD to die with some dignity.

Advertisement
Advertisement
Advertisement

Pioneering program helps address aged care workforce issue

Five years ago, Anne Mubale was living as a refugee in Kenya, having fled her war-torn home in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Today, Anne provides support to older Australians living in aged care as a VMCH Personal Care Assistant (PCA). And while things are looking up for Anne now, it’s not been a straightforward... Read More

Former Aged Care Nurse Charged With Assaulting Eight Residents

A former aged care nurse has been charged over an alleged string of assaults that are believed to have occurred at an aged care facility in the suburb of Ashfield in Sydney’s inner west. The accused who has not yet been named is a 56-year-old woman who had worked for 10 years as a nurse... Read More

All Resident-On-Resident Abuse To Be Reported, Regardless of Dementia

  Findings from a disturbing new report into the prevalence of elder abuse in Australian aged care facilities have led to the introduction of a Serious Incident Response Scheme (SIRS) to better protect senior Australians. The KPMG Report estimates that there were more than 52,600 incidents of violence and abuse involving people living in aged... Read More
Advertisement