Pets bring joy, companionship, and even health benefits to our lives, but did you know they could play a role in staving off dementia? Recent research suggests that owning a dog could significantly reduce your risk of developing this condition, while the benefits for cat owners are less clear-cut.
Here’s what the science says about our furry friends and brain health.
Dogs: A Brain-Boosting Companion
A major UK study from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), involving over 7,000 older adults, found that dog owners have a 40% lower risk of developing dementia compared to those without pets.
The 2023 study, published in JAMA Network Open, tracked participants over four years and revealed that dog owners who were socially or physically active – think regular walks or chats at the dog park – saw this protective effect increase by an additional 20%.
Why are dogs so beneficial? It’s all about lifestyle. Dogs demand regular exercise, which keeps owners active and supports brain health. Daily walks, playtime, and even the social interactions that come with dog ownership (like meeting other pet owners) are known to reduce cognitive decline.
The routine and responsibility of caring for a dog also provide mental stimulation, which may help keep the brain sharp.
Cats: A Mixed Picture
Cat owners, however, may not see the same benefits. The same ELSA study found no significant link between cat ownership and reduced dementia risk in the general population. Unlike dogs, cats typically require less physical activity from their owners, which might explain the difference.
Fewer trips to the park or daily walks mean fewer opportunities for exercise and social engagement, both key factors in protecting against cognitive decline.
That said, there’s a silver lining for cat owners who live alone. The ELSA study showed that people living in isolation with a cat (or dog) experienced slower declines in memory and verbal fluency compared to those without pets.
For these individuals, the companionship of a cat – with its purring and affectionate moments – can help combat loneliness, a known risk factor for dementia. So, while cats don’t offer the same broad protection as dogs, they can still make a difference in specific circumstances.
Pets and People with Dementia
Beyond prevention, pets can also improve the lives of those already living with dementia. According to Alzheimer’s Society, caring for a pet can boost self-esteem, encourage independence, and provide emotional comfort for people with dementia.
The routine of feeding or stroking a pet can keep individuals engaged, while the unconditional love of an animal brings joy and laughter.
However, owning a pet isn’t suitable for everyone with dementia. Alzheimer’s Society advises considering whether the person has the mental capacity to understand the responsibilities involved, such as feeding, grooming, or taking the pet to the vet.
For some, alternatives like animal visits, robotic pets, or even cuddly toys can provide similar calming effects without the demands of pet ownership.
One heartwarming example comes from Cheryl Yates, who gifted her father, Robert Wyatt, a robotic cat in his final weeks. Robert, who had dementia, named the cat Buddy and believed it was real.
“He was so happy to have a kitty again,” Cheryl shared. “This cat gave him so much comfort and joy.” Stories like this highlight the profound emotional benefits pets – real or robotic – can offer.
Should You Get a Pet?
If you’re considering a pet to support brain health or improve quality of life, dogs appear to have the edge, particularly for active individuals. Their demands for exercise and social interaction align with lifestyle factors that protect against dementia.
Cats, while less impactful overall, can still be valuable companions, especially for those living alone.
Before rushing to the rescue centre, though, weigh the responsibilities. Pets need time, care, and financial commitment, and not everyone with or at risk of dementia can manage these demands.
For those unable to take on a pet, options like pet therapy visits or robotic animals can provide some of the same emotional benefits.
The Bottom Line
The science is clear: dog owners enjoy a 40% lower risk of dementia, driven by the active and social lifestyle that comes with canine companionship.
Cat owners may not see the same broad benefits, but those living alone can still gain from the emotional support their feline friends provide. Whether it’s a wagging tail or a gentle purr, pets have a unique ability to enrich our lives – and potentially protect our minds.
For more information on pets and dementia, visit Alzheimer’s Society or consult your GP about lifestyle changes to support brain health.
Note: Always consult a veterinarian or dementia specialist before introducing a pet to ensure it’s the right fit for you or your loved one.
